Louisiana rabies review
The most common way to contract rabies is from the bite of an infected animal. Indeed, the global economic cost of rabies is estimated to be more than $583 million. And that doesn't count the trauma that deaths from rabies inflict on families and communities. Rabies is fatal neurotropic virus almost always transmitted by an animal bite that inoculates the virus into wounds. All mammals are believed to be susceptible, but carnivores and bats are the groups most susceptible to the disease. Although bats are the most frequent source of human infection in the United States, dogs are the primary vector of rabies in most parts of the world.
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Dembert advises people who are planning a move or a vacation with their pets to call ahead and ask the health department whether rabies is a problem in the area. Vaccinate and be vigilant, he says. Rabies is also rare in rabbits. In the mid-Atlantic states, where rabies is increasing in raccoons, woodchucks can be rabid. Generally, rabies is rare in small rodents such as beavers, chipmunks, squirrels, rats, mice, or hamsters. Rabies is also rare in rabbits.
Rabies is fatal if left untreated. While bites are the usual way in which rabies is transmitted, there is evidence that indicates non-bite contact with the saliva of a rabid animal can lead to infection in the other mammalian species including humans. Rabies is a frequently fatal, acute viral infection. You can get rabies when an infected animal (often raccoons, dogs, or bats) bites you or when the infected animal's saliva touches a scrape or cut on your skin.
Rabies is rarely found in smaller mammals such as rabbits, squirrels, rats, and opossums. Domestic animals account for less than 10% of all cases in the United States. Rabies is a serious viral disease that affects the central nervous system. It is transmitted to people from infected mammals. While wildlife rabies is a serious problem, it can be controlled and its threat to human health minimized. Local, state and Federal agencies responsible for wildlife management and public health have been reluctant to recognize or adopt non-lethal disease control alternatives.
Number of rabid raccoons decreased in 10 of 20 eastern states in which raccoon rabies is enzootic. Rabies in bats is widely distributed throughout the United States with cases reported from all 48 contiguous states. Rabies is rarely reported in rabbits and small rodents, such as squirrels, hamsters, guinea pigs, gerbils, chipmunks, rats, and mice. Many recent human rabies cases in the United States have been associated with bats. For an infection of animal origin, 55,000 deaths rank the top, while rabies is the 12th in death number of infections in the world. Since there is no chance for a large-scale epidemic because of no human-to-human transmission, the priority tends to be lower than respiratory infections, diarrheal disease, AIDS, or tuberculosis.
Rabies is very poorly reported and under-notified in the UK. Since 1902, there have been at least 24 deaths from imported classical rabies reported in the UK. If you are traveling to a country where rabies is common, you should talk to your health care provider about the possibility of being protected against rabies before your trip. Vaccination may be recommended depending on your planned activities and length of stay. Rabies is uncommon in domestic animals, so bites from dogs and cats do not warrant immediate postexposure vaccinations.
The delivery of health care to a patient with rabies is not an indication for postexposure prophylaxis unless mucous membranes or open wounds are contaminated by saliva, tears, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), or neurologic tissue. Adherence to standard infection control precautions recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is expected to minimize the risk for exposure to rabies in caregivers. At Evira scientific research related to rabies is also being done. In the Finnish and Russian joint research project rabies viruses isolated from different areas are classified by type. Individuals catagorized as "high risk" for rabies include laboratory personnel working with the rabies virus, veterinarians, animal control and wildlife workers and travelers visiting areas where rabies is known to exist.
In addition, some international travelers should consider pre-exposure vaccination if they are likely handle animals especially where dog rabies is enzootic and immediate access to appropriate medical care, including rabies vaccine and immune globulin, might be limited. The frequent-risk category includes other laboratory workers (e.g., those performing rabies diagnostic testing), spelunkers, veterinarians and staff, and animal-control and wildlife officers in areas where animal rabies is enzootic. Persons in this group should have a serum sample tested for rabies antibody every 2 years; if the titer is less than complete neutralization at a 1:5 serum dilution by the RFFIT, the person also should receive a single booster dose of vaccine. Rabies is an attack enhanced with skill based poison damage that is only useble by the wolf. It has a certain duration on opponents, so it doesn't make all its damage instantly.
In fact, around the world, rabies is still a big health problem. At least 40,000 people die annually, and 99 percent of the cases are spread by dog bites. In domestic animals, rabies is most commonly found in cattle, with about 150 to 350 cases per year. Dogs and cats each account for about 60 to 100 cases per year. In North Carolina, and across the United States, the domestic animal that is most commonly infected with rabies is the cat. Cats can also prey on our native wildlife if not supervised.
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