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Photoshop Files and Formats

While Photoshop comes with many different features to tackle, many people often come up short when asked what image formats Photoshop will open or save in. How do you know which one to use, and what are the advantages or disadvantages of each?

Photoshop has the capability to open and save many different graphic files. Here are some of the most popular ones.

One thing to keep in mind is that when you open an image file other than a Photoshop one, the other image will default to the background layer.
.psd, .pdd, .eps

Photoshop File. This format preserves the information in all the layers. If you're going to continue working with a picture, this is the best format to use. File size can be quite large, however. Note: It is advisable to save your work in the most up to date Photoshop format available. For example: if you have Photoshop CS and are sent a Photoshop 7 file, you should save it as a Photoshop CS file to preserve any elements that may not be supported by Photoshop 7.

2) .jpg, .jpeg .jpe
This format compresses images in a way that information such as color subtleties and other details are lost. You can select to what extreme you want to compress the image. This is the most suitable format for use on the web. Consists of small file sizes and millions of colors.

3) tif, .tiff
Common in use with early scanners. Will produce high quality images, but very large files. Not for use on the web.

4) .gif - Pronounced both "Gif" and "Jif"
This format is one of the most popular for web graphics as it loads quickly and has an 8 bit format (256 colors max.). It has potential for transparent color and animation.

5) .png
For use on the web, this is a new format that is meant to replace both gif and jpeg. Files are compressed, millions of colors and transparencies supported. It compress in a different way than jpeg, and has advanced possibilities, such as alpha channel (opaque or partly transparent colors). The downfall is that Internet Explorer doesn't support these. In 8 bit (256 colors) mode it compresses better than gif.

6) .bmp - Windows Bitmapped Image
Used by Microsoft Windows applications, this has good quality and a large file size. Not for use on the web.

7) .wmf - Windows MetaFile
Windows MetaFile. Useful for clipart, and can be used to make large area, small sized background files.

8) .pcxOlder general purpose format. Practically obsolete now. Not for use on the web.
9) .psp

This format is an internal format for Paint Shop Pro and is useful if you need to swap files between these two applications.
.pcd

Kodak PhotoCD format, used with Photo Developing - although most photo processors will save your photos as jpegs if you ask them to.
.pdf

Portable Document File. Adobe's file system that allows electronic cross platform sharing of documents.
So what's the best format for web graphics: gif or jpeg?

The answer is pretty easygifs for drawings and jpeg for photos. In more depth, use gifs for diagrams, line drawings, illustrations, and images that contain large areas of flat color, and jpegs for photographs and images with continuous color tones. The jpeg format has a great compression rate, but compression diminishes the quality of the image, so it's best to experiment with the tools in Image Ready until you have the optimal quality/file size. The gif format, comparatively, has a smaller file size, but a narrow range of colors.

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